The rapid evolution of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced both opportunities and risks in the digital landscape. While AI-generated content can enhance creativity and efficiency, it also presents significant challenges related to misinformation, deepfakes, and digital content authenticity. In response, the concept of Content Credentials has emerged as a critical solution for maintaining transparency and trust in multimedia content.
The Rise of AI-Generated Content and Its Challenges
Generative AI tools allow users to create realistic images, videos, and audio clips with minimal effort. This accessibility has raised concerns about digital deception, particularly in cybersecurity, journalism, and law enforcement. Malicious actors can leverage AI-generated media for fraudulent activities, impersonation, and disinformation campaigns, eroding trust in online information.
Traditional verification methods, such as metadata analysis and forensic detection, are increasingly inadequate in detecting sophisticated AI-generated content. As a result, organizations and governments worldwide are seeking innovative solutions to establish content provenance and ensure media integrity.
What Are Content Credentials?
Content Credentials serve as a digital “nutrition label” for media, embedding cryptographically signed metadata that tracks the origin, authorship, and modifications of digital content. This metadata can be attached to images, videos, and other media at the point of creation or during post-processing.
The Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (C2PA) has been at the forefront of developing Content Credentials as an open standard. Supported by major technology firms like Adobe, Microsoft, and Google, this initiative aims to enhance transparency and counteract the proliferation of deceptive content.
Durable Content Credentials to Enhance Media Integrity
To further strengthen digital provenance, Durable Content Credentials have added additional layers of security through:
Digital Watermarking: Embedding invisible watermarks in media files to retain metadata even when content is altered or stripped of visible credentials.
Media Fingerprinting: Creating a unique fingerprint for content that enables verification even if metadata is removed.
These mechanisms help ensure the persistence of Content Credentials, making them more resistant to tampering or erasure.
Use Cases of Content Credentials
The implementation of Content Credentials extends across multiple industries, including:
Journalism: News organizations can use Content Credentials to verify the authenticity of images and videos, preventing the spread of doctored media.
Cybersecurity: Organizations can track the origins of AI-generated media to mitigate the risks of deepfake attacks and impersonation fraud.
Forensics and Law Enforcement: Digital evidence can be authenticated to maintain chain-of-custody integrity.
Government and National Security: Authorities can use Content Credentials to combat foreign interference and disinformation campaigns.
Artificial Intelligence and Data Science: AI models can be trained with verified data, reducing the risk of “model collapse” from synthetic data contamination.
The Global Push for Adoption
Governments and cybersecurity agencies worldwide are recognizing the importance of Content Credentials. The National Security Agency (NSA), Australian Signals Directorate (ASD), Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), and United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-UK) have jointly emphasized the need for widespread adoption of these technologies.
The European Union’s AI Act also mandates transparency measures for AI-generated content, reinforcing the importance of provenance tracking.
Preparing for a Future of Trusted Digital Content
Organizations looking to integrate Content Credentials should take proactive steps:
Upgrade Software and Hardware: Use cameras and editing software that support Content Credentials.
Implement Metadata Preservation Policies: Ensure that metadata remains intact throughout content creation and distribution.
Engage with Open Standards Initiatives: Join the C2PA community to stay informed about best practices and technological advancements.
Educate Stakeholders: Train employees and users on the importance of media provenance and how to verify Content Credentials.
Conclusion
As AI-generated content becomes more prevalent, the need for verifiable digital integrity has never been more urgent. Content Credentials offer a robust framework for establishing trust in digital media by providing transparent, verifiable information about content origins. By adopting and promoting these technologies, organizations, and individuals can help safeguard the integrity of digital ecosystems, ensuring a more trustworthy information landscape in the generative AI era.
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A pair of 9.8-severity flaws in mySCADA myPRO Manager SCADA systems were among the vulnerabilities highlighted in Cyble’s weekly Industrial Control System (ICS) Vulnerability Intelligence Report.
Cyble Research & Intelligence Labs (CRIL) examined eight ICS vulnerabilities in the January 28 report for clients, including high-severity flaws in critical manufacturing, energy infrastructure, and transportation networks.
OS Command Injection (CWE-78) and Improper Security Checks (CWE-358, CWE-319) accounted for half of the vulnerabilities in the report, “indicating a persistent challenge in securing authentication and execution processes in ICS environments,” Cyble said.
Critical mySCADA Vulnerabilities
The critical mySCADA myPRO supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) vulnerabilities haven’t yet appeared in the NIST National Vulnerability Database (NVD) or the MITRE CVE database, but they were the subject of a CISA ICS advisory on January 23.
The mySCADA myPRO Manager system provides user interfaces and functionality for real-time monitoring and control of industrial processes across a range of critical industries and applications. CISA said the vulnerabilities can be exploited remotely with low attack complexity, potentially allowing a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands or disclose sensitive information.
CVE-2025-20061 was assigned a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 and is an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (‘OS Command Injection’) vulnerability. CISA said mySCADA myPRO does not properly neutralize POST requests sent to a specific port with email information, so the vulnerability could be used to execute arbitrary commands on an affected system.
CVE-2025-20014 is also a 9.8-severity OS Command Injection vulnerability, as myPRO also does not properly neutralize POST requests sent to a specific port with version information, which could potentially lead to an attacker executing arbitrary commands.
The following mySCADA products are affected:
myPRO Manager: Versions prior to 1.3
myPRO Runtime: Versions prior to 9.2.1
mySCADA recommends that users update to the latest versions:
mySCADA PRO Manager 1.3
mySCADA PRO Runtime 9.2.1
CISA also recommended that users minimize network exposure for all control system devices and systems to ensure they are not accessible from the Internet, locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and isolate them from business networks. If remote access is necessary, additional security steps, such as an updated VPN on a secure device, should be used.
Recommendations for Mitigating ICS Vulnerabilities
Cyble recommends several controls for mitigating ICS vulnerabilities and improving the overall security of ICS systems. The measures include:
Staying on top of security advisories and patch alerts issued by vendors and regulatory bodies like CISA is recommended. A risk-based approach to vulnerability management reduces the risk of exploitation.
Implementing a Zero-Trust Policy to minimize exposure and ensure that all internal and external network traffic is scrutinized and validated.
Developing a comprehensive patch management strategy that covers inventory management, patch assessment, testing, deployment, and verification. Automating these processes can help maintain consistency and improve efficiency.
Proper network segmentation can limit the potential damage caused by an attacker and prevent lateral movement across networks. This is particularly important for securing critical ICS assets.
Conducting regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify gaps in security that might be exploited by threat actors.
Establishing and maintaining an incident response plan and ensuring that it is tested and updated regularly to adapt to the latest threats.
All employees, especially those working with Operational Technology (OT) systems, should be required to undergo ongoing cybersecurity training programs. The training should focus on recognizing phishing attempts, following authentication procedures, and understanding the importance of cybersecurity practices in day-to-day operations.
Conclusion
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) vulnerabilities can threaten critical infrastructure environments, with the potential to disrupt operations, compromise sensitive data, and cause physical damage. Staying on top of ICS vulnerabilities and applying good cybersecurity hygiene and controls are critical cybersecurity practices for ICS, OT, and SCADA environments.
To access the full report on ICS vulnerabilities observed by Cyble, along with additional insights and details, click here. By adopting a comprehensive, multi-layered security approach that includes effective vulnerability management, timely patching, and ongoing employee training, organizations can reduce their exposure to cyber threats. With the right tools and intelligence, such as those offered by Cyble, critical infrastructure can be better protected, ensuring its resilience and security in an increasingly complex cyber landscape.
Cisco Talos’ Vulnerability Research team recently disclosed three vulnerabilities in Observium, three vulnerabilities in Offis, and four vulnerabilities in Whatsup Gold.
These vulnerabilities exist in Observium, a network observation and monitoring system; Offis DCMTK, a collection of libraries and applications implementing DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard formats; and WhatsUp Gold, an IT infrastructure management product.
For Snort coverage that can detect the exploitation of these vulnerabilities, download the latest rule sets from Snort.org, and our latest Vulnerability Advisories are always posted on Talos Intelligence’s website.
Observium Vulnerabilities
Discovered by Marcin “Icewall” Noga.
Two cross-site scripting vulnerabilities exist in Observium, which can lead to arbitrary JavaScript code execution, as well as one HTML code injection vulnerability. All three can be triggered by an authenticated user clicking a malicious link crafted by the attacker.
Three vulnerabilities were found in the Offis DCMTK libraries that support the DICOM standard format. TALOS-2024-1957 (CVE-2024-28130) is an incorrect type conversion vulnerability that can lead to arbitrary code execution, and TALOS-2024-2121 (CVE-2024-52333) and TALOS-2024-2122 (CVE-2024-47796) are improper array index validation vulnerabilities that can lead to out-of-bounds write capabilities. All can be triggered with specially crafted malicious DICOM files.
Whatsup Gold Vulnerabilities
Discovered by Marcin “Icewall” Noga.
Two Whatsup Gold vulnerabilities include a risk of information disclosure (TALOS-2024-1932 (CVE-2024-5017) and TALOS-2024-2089 (CVE-2024-12105)), which can be triggered by an attacker making an authenticated HTTP request.
There is also a risk of disclosure of sensitive information (TALOS-2024-1933 (CVE-2024-5010)), and denial of service (TALOS-2024-1934 (CVE-2024-5011)). These two vulnerabilities can be triggered by an attacker making an unauthenticated HTTP request.
The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued two urgent advisories regarding serious ICS vulnerabilities in industrial control systems (ICS) products. These ICS vulnerabilities, identified in Schneider Electric’s RemoteConnect and SCADAPack x70 Utilities, as well as B&R Automation’s Runtime software, pose online risks to critical infrastructure systems worldwide. The ICS vulnerabilities, if exploited, could lead to potentially devastating impacts on the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of systems within energy, critical manufacturing, and other essential sectors.
Schneider Electric’s Vulnerability in RemoteConnect and SCADAPack x70 Utilities
The ICS vulnerability in Schneider Electric’s RemoteConnect and SCADAPack x70 Utilities arises from the deserialization of untrusted data, identified as CWE-502. This flaw could allow attackers to execute remote code on affected workstations, leading to several security risks, including the loss of confidentiality and integrity. The issue is triggered when a non-admin authenticated user opens a malicious project file, which could potentially be introduced through email, file sharing, or other methods.
Schneider Electric has assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2024-12703 to this vulnerability, with a base CVSS v3 score of 7.8 and a CVSS v4 score of 8.5. Both versions highlight the severity of the issue, with potential consequences including unauthorized remote code execution.
This vulnerability affects all versions of both RemoteConnect and SCADAPack x70 Utilities, products widely deployed in sectors such as energy and critical manufacturing across the globe. Although Schneider Electric is working on a remediation plan for future product versions, there are interim steps that organizations can take to mitigate the risk. These include:
Only opening project files from trusted sources
Verifying file integrity by computing and checking hashes regularly
Encrypting project files and restricting access to trusted users
Using secure communication protocols when exchanging files over the network
Following established SCADAPack Security Guidelines for added protection
CISA recommends minimizing the network exposure of control system devices, ensuring they are not directly accessible from the internet, and placing control system networks behind firewalls to isolate them from business networks. When remote access is necessary, using secure methods like Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) is strongly advised. However, organizations should ensure that VPNs are regularly updated and adequately secured.
B&R Automation Runtime Vulnerability
The second advisory concerns a vulnerability in B&R Automation Runtime, a key software used in industrial control systems. The flaw arises from the use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm in the SSL/TLS component of B&R Automation Runtime versions prior to 6.1 and B&R mapp View versions prior to 6.1. Unauthenticated network-based attackers could exploit this vulnerability to impersonate legitimate services on impacted devices, creating opportunities for unauthorized access.
B&R Automation assigned CVE-2024-8603 to this vulnerability, which is identified as CWE-327. The CVSS v3 base score for this flaw is 7.5, indicating a moderately high risk to the affected systems. This vulnerability is especially concerning as it is exploitable remotely, with low attack complexity, making it a viable target for attackers seeking to compromise ICS environments.
The affected products are used worldwide, primarily in the critical manufacturing sector. B&R Automation has released an update (version 6.1) that corrects the issue, and users are strongly encouraged to apply this update to mitigate the risk. In the meantime, CISA recommends several mitigation strategies to limit exposure, including:
Applying the update to B&R Automation Runtime and B&R mapp View products as soon as possible
Minimizing network exposure for all control system devices to prevent direct internet access
Implementing firewalls and isolating control system networks from business networks
Utilizing VPNs for remote access while ensuring that VPNs are kept up-to-date and secure
Conclusion
While no known public exploits targeting these vulnerabilities have been reported to CISA at the time of publication, the discovery of these flaws in Schneider Electric and B&R Automation products highlights the ongoing risks facing critical infrastructure sectors. Exploiting vulnerabilities in ICS products can lead to serious consequences, including data breaches, operational disruptions, and physical damage to infrastructure.
These incidents emphasize the urgent need for organizations to adopt proactive cybersecurity measures, such as regular patching, file integrity verification, and secure network configurations. By following CISA’s guidance and implementing comprehensive defense-in-depth strategies, organizations can better protect their systems from both known and emerging threats, ultimately reducing their exposure to cyber risks and ensuring the security of critical assets.
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Imagine: you’re calmly working away on your computer, when suddenly a scary message appears on the screen: “Your computer is infected with viruses! Install an antivirus immediately!” or “Your data is at risk! Clean your system immediately!” Panic? That’s what the scammers are hoping for.
This post explains what scareware is and why this threat is dangerous. We also give tips for avoiding falling for scarewarers’ tricks, and protecting you and your family from such attacks.
What is scareware?
Scareware is a type of digital fraud that weaponizes users’ fears. The aim is to frighten the victim into visiting a malicious site and downloading something they shouldn’t. Scareware usually mimics antiviruses, system optimizers, registry cleaners, and the like. But other, more exotic types also exist.
The user is not so subtly informed that no fewer than five viruses have been found on their computer. However, the window header contains a small misprint: “Threaths detected” Source
To display their alarming messages, scammers tend to deploy browser pop-up windows and notifications, banner ads, and on occasion even good-old email.
Scareware creators use a variety of social engineering tricks to instill a sense of danger in the user. Often, threatening messages appear at the most unexpected moment — catching the victim off guard.
And scammers frequently hurry the victim into taking rash actions — not giving them time to think things over. Then, when the target has been properly prepared (that is, put into a state of panic), the attackers offer a simple solution to the problem: just install such-and-such software and all your troubles will be gone.
Fake antiviruses pretend to search for malware in the user’s system. Source
Upon receiving a scareware notification, in the best case scenario the victim will install a useless but harmless program on their device and pay a relatively small sum for the pleasure. But sometimes an attack can have more serious consequences. Under the guise of an “antivirus” or “system optimizer”, the victim may be fed proper malware that encrypts data or steals money from online bank accounts.
Sextortion scareware
Sometimes scammers employ a hybrid scheme: scareware combined with sextortion. It may go as follows: the user receives an intimidating email saying they’ve been caught in a compromising video.
To see for themselves, the victim is invited to visit a website where they can watch the footage. However, to view the video, they first need to install a special player. This, of course, is malware in disguise.
Faulty screen caused by a virus
In a new variant of the scareware scheme, the user is told that a virus has infected their smartphone. Nothing unusual so far — mobile versions of scareware have been around for ages. Here, however, the focus is artfully placed on what perhaps all smartphone owners fear the most: a faulty screen:
The scareware simulates screen damage caused by a virus that must be removed.Source
Curiously, the “faulty” display — which also blinks for added alarm — is capable of clearly showing the message about the supposed virus infection. How this window is able to float above a damaged screen is a mystery… To “fix” the screen, you just need to tap the button in the box and purchase the offered “antivirus”.
How to protect against scareware
Of course, the best defense against fake “protection” is the real thing. To defeat scareware, install a bona fide antivirus from a reputable developer, keep a close eye on its notifications, and always heed its recommendations.
Also bear in mind that it’s seniors who are most likely to fall victim. So it’s worth helping your older relatives get the right protection since it can be a challenge for them.
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The Australian Government has awarded a $6.4 million grant to CI-ISAC Australia, enabling the establishment of a new Health Cyber Sharing Network (HCSN). This initiative is designed to facilitate the rapid exchange of critical cyber threat information within Australia’s healthcare industry, which has become a target for cyberattacks.
The recent surge in cyberattacks on Australian healthcare organizations, including hospitals and health insurance providers, has highlighted the pressing need for enhanced cybersecurity measures. In response, the Australian Government has made healthcare the priority sector for its formal funding efforts.
This grant is part of a broader strategy to address the vulnerabilities in the nation’s health sector and ensure it is better equipped to handle the cyber threats faced by the industry.
A Growing Threat: The Cost of Cybersecurity Breaches
The healthcare industry globally has been facing increasing cybersecurity challenges, and Australia is no exception. According to reports from 2023, the global healthcare sector continues to experience the most expensive data breaches across industries for the 13th consecutive year. The average cost of a healthcare data breach was a staggering AUD$10.93 million, nearly double that of the financial industry, which recorded an average cost of $5.9 million.
Australia’s health sector, which encompasses a diverse range of organizations, from public and private hospitals to medical clinics and insurance providers, is increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats. This sector includes approximately 750 government hospitals, 650 private hospitals, and over 6,500 general practitioner clinics, along with numerous third-party suppliers and vendors.
The creation of the HCSN aims to address these risks by providing a secure, collaborative platform for information sharing. The network will enable health sector organizations to work together more effectively, breaking down silos and improving the speed and quality of cybersecurity threat information exchange.
The Role of CI-ISAC and the Health Cyber-Sharing Network
CI-ISAC Australia, the recipient of the $6.4 million Australian Government grant, will spearhead the creation and management of the Health Cyber Sharing Network. The HCSN will focus on fostering collaboration between Australian healthcare organizations, ensuring they can share relevant cyber threat information in a secure and confidential environment.
David Sandell, CEO of CI-ISAC Australia, emphasized the importance of this initiative: “The health and medical sector holds a large amount of incredibly private and personal medical and financial information. We have already seen several high-profile data breaches in the health sector, and the new network can help members reduce their cyber risks. Cyberattacks can also greatly disrupt important health services, and this industry cannot afford interruptions with patients’ wellbeing at stake.”
The Health Cyber Sharing Network will support the healthcare sector and bolster Australia’s broader critical infrastructure. Many critical infrastructure sectors, including healthcare, are interdependent. By participating in the network, healthcare organizations will contribute to improving the overall cyber resilience of Australia’s critical infrastructure.
Strengthening Cybersecurity Resilience
The new Health Cyber Sharing Network aims to better equip Australian healthcare organizations to manage and mitigate cyber threats. The platform will serve as a ‘neighborhood watch’ for the health sector, where organizations can exchange cybersecurity intelligence and collaborate to identify and respond to threats more efficiently.
Lieutenant General Michelle McGuinness CSC, the National Cyber Security Coordinator, expressed the strategic importance of this initiative: “We have seen in recent years the very real impact that healthcare-related cyberattacks can have on millions of Australians. Increasing threat information sharing contributes to the prevention of cyberattacks and builds resilience.”
The Australian Government’s funding is seen as an important step in achieving the nation’s goal of becoming a global leader in cybersecurity by 2030. McGuinness further noted, “Many in the healthcare sector would know well the philosophy that prevention is better than a cure. This also applies to cybersecurity and is the driving concept behind this grant.”
Invitation for Healthcare Organizations to Join the Network
To launch the Health Cyber Sharing Network, CI-ISAC is inviting eligible Australian healthcare organizations and their suppliers to join the network. As part of the initiative, new members will receive a complimentary 12-month CI-ISAC membership, which will provide them with access to a wealth of cybersecurity threat intelligence from across Australia’s critical infrastructure sectors.
By joining the network, healthcare organizations will benefit from closed-source, cross-sectoral cyber threat intelligence shared by other CI-ISAC members, which include organizations with high cyber maturity. This collaboration will improve the detection and response times to cyber threats, ultimately enhancing the security posture of Australian healthcare organizations.
A Trusted Platform for Collaboration
CI-ISAC, as a not-for-profit organization, facilitates collaboration between organizations within a trusted, industry-led environment. This includes the bi-directional sharing of cyber threat intelligence, which is essential for improving cybersecurity across Australia’s critical sectors. The new funding will allow CI-ISAC to expand its educational efforts, offering training on mitigating cyber threats, cyber and insider threat awareness, attack surface monitoring, and improving cyber incident response plans (CIRPs).
The broader cybersecurity ecosystem benefits as well, as CI-ISAC’s members span across 11 critical infrastructure sectors, including government, education, energy, water, telecommunications, and more. Existing members include major organizations such as Google Cloud AU, NBN, DXC Technology, and Transgrid. As the network grows, the value of cross-sector sharing will continue to increase, improving the ability of healthcare organizations to act swiftly and decisively when cyber threats are detected.
“The value for all sectors increases exponentially as more participants join the trusted network and share their own insights,” said Sandell. “Cross-sector sharing improves incident detection and response times, enabling health organizations and their suppliers to act more swiftly on threats observed in other industries.”
Conclusion
This initiative marks an important step forward in protecting the health sector’s sensitive data and ensuring the continued delivery of critical health services. The Australian Government’s $6.4 million grant to CI-ISAC Australia demonstrates the growing importance of cybersecurity within the healthcare sector. The Health Cyber Sharing Network is positioned to become a cornerstone in Australia’s broader strategy to strengthen its cybersecurity resilience and ensure the safety of its most sensitive data in the digital age.
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Our cyber threat analysts detected and explored a number of malware campaigns this January. Here are the three most dangerous attacks dissected with the aid of ANY.RUN’s Interactive Sandbox and Threat Intelligence Lookup.
Fake YouTube links redirect users to phishing pages
Using the Uniform Resource Identifier authority (URI), phishers obfuscate links and place a legitimate resource address, like http://youtube, at the beginning of URLs to deceive users and make the link appear authentic and safe.
Not just YouTube is getting abused. We’ll keep monitoring and sharing the details with you, so your company can make effective decisions to address the threat.
Watch how the attack unveils in our Interactive Sandbox and gather IOCs for setting up your security systems.
Use this search request in TI Lookup to find more sandbox sessions and enforce the protection of your business by fine-tuning malware detection in your network:
The new phishing scheme we named FoxWhoops targets American e-commerce customers with fake sites promising a reward for completing a survey
The attack utilizes a system of checks. Users who fail them are sent to a Fox News RSS page or a page with a ‘Whoops!’ image. Those who pass the checks are offered to enter their bank card info to purchase the ‘reward’ at a discount.
A number of examples of such attacks have been submitted in our sandbox:
A script detects scanning by Google, Bing, Baidu, DuckDuckGo, etc.
If the first check is passed, the script triggers a redirect
If the second check is passed, the user is redirected to a phishing page with a fake online shop payment form
If the first check fails, the user is redirected to a Fox News RSS feed
If the second check fails, the ‘Whoops’ page is displayed.
Possible attack scenarios based on these steps:
Phishing scenario: 1 → 2 → 3. A phishing survey with a ‘reward’ after a small payment in a fake store. Credit card info stolen.
Evasion scenario: 1 → 4. If the victim fails the first check, they are redirected to what appears to be a Fox News RSS feed. The URL includes a ‘q’ parameter that specifies the reason for the redirect, such as: “IP provider is blacklisted! ASN-CXA-ALL-CCI-22773-RDC“.
Placeholder scenario: 1 → 2 → 5. Users are shown a placeholder page.
Examine the attack’s mechanics to facilitate employee security training in your organization and prevent social engineering attempts with ANY.RUN’s Sandbox!
A SystemBC client is targeting Linux-based platforms
The Linux version of SystemBC proxy implant is potentially designed for internal corporate services. It is commonly used to target corporate networks, cloud servers, and even IoT devices.
This Remote Access Trojan is designed to maintain encrypted communication with C2 servers, using the same custom protocol, ensuring connection to a unified infrastructure of both Windows and Linux implants.
A proxy implant within a victim’s infrastructure is a crucial tool for attackers, allowing for lateral movement and pivoting without deploying additional detectable tools, further evading detection on the host.
This version is more stealthy and far more dangerous. Samples do not have clear family detection by security vendors.
Take a look at the Linux version analysis in the sandbox:
To respond effectively, use ANY.RUN’s Linux virtual machine and quickly detect malicious communication with in-depth network traffic insights, powered by advanced Suricata rules from our experts.
Major Attacks in December 2024
Learn about phishing attacks leveraging Microsoft’s Azure and OneDrive services and discover details on the LogoKit phish kit.
See details
Conclusion
The cyber threat landscape this January was marked by sophisticated and varied attack strategies targeting individuals and organizations alike. From phishing schemes exploiting trusted platforms to deceptive fake online shops, hackers demonstrated increasing ingenuity and adaptability.
Organizations must remain vigilant and proactive by leveraging tools such as ANY.RUN’s Interactive Sandbox and Threat Intelligence Lookup to identify and analyze threats in real time. Staying informed and prepared is the key to safeguarding critical assets in this ever-changing digital battlefield.
About ANY.RUN
ANY.RUN helps more than 500,000 cybersecurity professionals worldwide. Our interactive sandbox simplifies malware analysis of threats that target both Windows and Linux systems. Our threat intelligence products, TI Lookup, YARA Search, and Feeds, help you find IOCs or files to learn more about the threats and respond to incidents faster.
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The traditional network security model — with a secure perimeter and encrypted channels for external access to that perimeter — is coming apart at the seams. Cloud services and remote working have challenged the very notion of “perimeter”, while the primary method of accessing the perimeter — VPN — has in recent years become a prime attack vector for intruders. Many high-profile hacks began by exploiting vulnerabilities in VPN solutions: CVE-2023-46805, CVE-2024-21887 and CVE-2024-21893 in Ivanti Connect Secure, and CVE-2023-4966 in Citrix solutions. By compromising a VPN server, which needs to be accessible online, intruders gain privileged access to an enterprise’s internal network and plenty of scope for covert attack development.
Server and enterprise applications are often configured to trust — and be accessible to — all intranet-based hosts, making it easier to find and exploit new vulnerabilities, and extract, encrypt, or destroy important data.
Often, VPN access is granted to company contractors too. If a contractor violates the information security requirements while being granted standard VPN access with extensive privileges in the corporate network, attackers can penetrate the network by compromising the contractor, and gain access to information through the latter’s accounts and privileges. And their activities can go unnoticed for a long time.
A radical solution to these network security issues requires a new approach in terms of network organization — one whereby each network connection is analyzed in detail, and participants’ credentials and access rights are checked. Any of them lacking explicit permission to work with a particular resource are denied access. This approach applies to both internal network services as well as public and cloud-based ones. Last year, cybersecurity agencies in the United States, Canada and New Zealand released joint guidance on how to migrate to this security model. It consists of the following tools and approaches.
Zero trust
The zero trust model seeks to prevent unauthorized access to data and services through granular access control. Each request for access to a resource or microservice is analyzed separately, and the decision is based on a role-based access model and the principle of least privilege. During operation, every user, device, and application must undergo regular authentication and authorization — processes which are, of course, made invisible to the user by technical means. See our dedicated post for more about zero trust and its implementation.
Secure service edge
Secure service edge (SSE) is a set of tools for securing applications and data regardless of users’ and their devices’ location. SSE helps implement zero trust, adapt to the realities of hybrid cloud infrastructure, protect SaaS applications, and simplify user verification. SSE components include zero trust network access (ZTNA), cloud secure web gateway (CSWG), cloud access security broker (CASB) and firewall-as-a-service (FWaaS).
Zero trust network access
ZTNA provides secure remote access to a company’s data and services based on strictly defined access policies in line with zero trust principles. Even if intruders compromise an employee’s device, their ability to develop an attack is limited. For ZTNA, an agent application is deployed that checks the identity of the user or service, and access rights, then matches them with the policies and user-requested actions. Other factors that can be monitored are the security level of the client device (software versions, security solution database updates), the client’s location, and the like. The agent can also be used in multifactor authentication. Periodic reauthentication occurs during user sessions. If the user requires access to new resources and applications, the authentication and authorization process is repeated in full. However, depending on the solution settings, this may be transparent to the user.
Cloud secure web gateway
CSWG protects both users and devices from online threats and helps enforce network policies. Features include filtering web connections by URL and content, controlling access to web services, and analyzing encrypted TLS/SSL connections. It’s also involved in user authentication and provides analytics on web application usage.
Cloud access security broker
CASB helps enforce access policies for cloud SaaS applications — bridging them to their users, as well as manage data transferred between different cloud services. This makes it possible to detect threats targeting cloud services and unauthorized attempts to access cloud data, as well as to bring control of various SaaS applications under a single security policy.
Firewall-as-a-service
Cloud-based FWaaS performs the functions of a traditional firewall — except that traffic analysis and filtering take place in the cloud instead of on a separate device in the company’s office. Besides the convenience of scalability, FWaaS makes it easier to protect a distributed infrastructure consisting of cloud and on-premises data centers, offices, and branches.
Secure access service edge
Combining software-defined networks (SD-WAN) with full SSE functionality, SASE delivers the most effective integration of network control and security management. There are several advantages for companies in terms of not only security, but also cost efficiency:
Reducing the cost of setting up a distributed network and combining different communication channels to increase speed and reliability
Taking advantage of centralized network management, high visibility, and extensive analysis capabilities
Lower administration costs due to automatic configuration and failure response
All SSE functions (SWG, CASB, ZTNA, NGFW) can be integrated into the solution, giving defenders full visibility of all servers, services, users, ports, and protocols — plus automatic application of security policies when deploying new services or network segments
Simplifying administration and policy enforcement with a centralized management interface
The SASE architecture allows all traffic to be routed dynamically and automatically, taking into account speed, reliability and security requirements. With information security requirements integrated deep into the network architecture, there is granular control over all network events — traffic is classified and inspected at multiple levels, including the application level. This delivers automatic access control as prescribed by zero trust, with granularity extending to a single application function and user rights in the current context.
The use of a single platform dramatically boosts monitoring performance and speeds up and improves incident response. SASE also simplifies updates and general management of network devices, which is another security benefit.
Migration technicalities
Deploying the above solutions would help your company replace the traditional “perimeter behind firewall plus VPN” approach with a more secure, scalable, and cost-effective model, which factors in cloud solutions and employee mobility. At the same time, cybersecurity agencies that recommend this set of solutions warn that each case requires an in-depth analysis of a company’s requirements and current state of affairs, plus a risk analysis and step-by-step migration plan. When switching from VPN to SSE/SASE-based solutions, you must:
Strictly limit access to the network control plane
Separate and isolate the interface for managing the solution and the network
Update the VPN solution and analyze its telemetry in detail to rule out the possibility of compromise
Test the user authentication process and explore ways to simplify it, such as authentication in advance
Use multifactor authentication
Implement version control of the management configuration, and keep track of changes
https://www.backbox.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/website_backbox_text_black.png00adminhttps://www.backbox.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/website_backbox_text_black.pngadmin2025-01-28 18:07:222025-01-28 18:07:22How to migrate to SASE and zero trust | Kaspersky official blog
Ransomware attacks have become a relentless threat to the healthcare sector, exposing sensitive patient data, disrupting life-saving treatments, and placing lives at risk. With healthcare systems underfunded and critical infrastructure vulnerable, cybercriminals find this sector an easy and lucrative target.
In recent years, ransomware attacks have not only caused financial losses but have also shaken public trust in healthcare organizations. Hospitals, medical service providers, and even blood donation centers have been hit, leaving a trail of chaos.
This article highlights how healthcare organizations can benefit from ANY.RUN‘s Interactive Sandbox and Threat Intelligence Lookup to identify, investigate, and analyze ransomware attacks, using a real-world case study of the Interlock ransomware group.
The Impact of Ransomware on Healthcare
Before we dive deeper into how ANY.RUN helps counter such threats, let’s examine how devastating ransomware attacks can be across the healthcare sector.
UnitedHealth
190 million records stolen in the largest healthcare breach
Ascension
5.6 million patients affected in a Black Basta ransomware attack.
Kootenai Health
464,000 patient records leaked.
ConnectOnCall
Exposed the health data of over 910,000 patients in a breach of its SaaS system.
Medusind
A December 2023 breach impacted 360,000 individuals, exposing sensitive billing and health information.
Anna Jaques Hospital
Ransomware exposed sensitive health data for over 316,000 patients, disrupting critical medical services.
What’s at stake?
Loss of patient trust: Exposed personal and health information undermines confidence in healthcare providers.
Operational disruption: Hospitals and medical facilities are forced to halt services, delaying critical treatments.
Financial strain: Organizations face ransom demands, legal fees, and recovery costs, compounding the impact.
Why Healthcare Is a Prime Target
Sensitive data: Patient records are incredibly valuable on the black market. Ransomware groups exploit this by encrypting data and demanding payments for decryption.
Critical infrastructure: Many healthcare systems cannot afford prolonged downtime due to their role in patient care.
Underfunded cybersecurity: Many healthcare providers operate on tight budgets, often prioritizing patient services over robust IT defenses.
Slow detection: A common issue is the inability to identify and respond to attacks in their early stages, which allows ransomware to spread undetected.
Interlock Group: Active Ransomware Threat to Healthcare
Interlock is a ransomware actor that engages in double-extortion.
In late 2024, the Interlock ransomware group launched targeted attacks against multiple healthcare facilities in the United States, causing significant disruptions and exposing sensitive patient data:
Brockton Neighborhood Health Center: Breached on October 20, 2024, undetected until December 17, 2024.
Legacy Treatment Services: Attack detected on October 26, 2024.
Drug and Alcohol Treatment Service: Breach discovered on October 24, 2024.
How ANY.RUN Helps at Different Stages of Interlock Attacks
ANY.RUN provides healthcare organizations with proactive tools to analyze and investigate ransomware attacks at various stages.
Let’s discover how by having a look at the Interlock ransomware group. The stages of the attack are taken from one of the most detailed reports on the threat from Talos, released on January 14, 2025.
1. Initial Compromise (TA0001)
At this stage, the Interlock ransomware group uses the Drive-by Compromise technique to gain access to the victim’s infrastructure.
Drive-by Compromise: How It Happened
The Interlock ransomware group either compromised or newly registered a phishing website, as evidenced by recent registration data in Whois. This phishing site was designed to appear as a news feed, complete with links for downloading software. Unwary users visiting the site were tricked into downloading malicious files.
By querying the domain apple-online.shop, ANY.RUN found that users first flagged and analyzed the website on September 6, 2024, almost a month before public mentions of the group appeared in this report.
This means ANY.RUN detected suspicious activity nearly two months before the Talos report was published.
Thanks to ANY.RUN’s access to public samples of the latest cyber threats from around the world, users of TI Lookup were able to identify Interlock’s domain as malicious before public reports. With such early detection, healthcare organizations can take preventative measures long before public alerts are raised.
Collect threat intelligence with TI Lookup to improve your company’s security
With the help of ANY.RUN’s Interactive Sandbox, you can view how the malicious website looked like and what content was used to deceive users. By analyzing such sites, healthcare organizations can train employees to recognize and avoid similar threats in the future.
The virtual machine allows anyone to see the behavior of this threat and interact with it in real time.
Expanding on Known Threat Information
ANY.RUN’s data can also enrich users’ existing knowledge of the attack.
While reports stated that the attackers used malware disguised as a Google Chrome updater, ANY.RUN uncovered additional tactics, such as mimicking MSTeams and MicrosoftEdge updates (evident in filenames like MSTeamsSetup.exe and MicrosoftEdgeSetup.exe).
This shows that by identifying alternative disguises used for malware, ANY.RUN equips organizations to anticipate a broader range of file disguises utilized by Interlock.
IOCs and File Analysis
Reports mentioned a specific file named upd_2327991.exe used in the attack. ANY.RUN’s database reveals additional files with similar naming conventions, such as:
This suggests that the attackers generated file names using random alphanumeric patterns. Each file had distinct hash values (SHA256), which serve as unique Indicators of Compromise (IOCs):
The analysis showed that with the help of ANY.RUN’s TI Lookup and Interactive Sandbox, healthcare organizations facing Interlock ransomware attacks could:
Integrate proactive threat analysis with ANY.RUN to strengthen your company’s security
Discover the Start Date of Attacks: Get information about the first activities of the attacking group, which often happen before public reports.
Study the Attacker’s Setup: Identify the domains, IP addresses, and other parts of the attacker’s setup to learn more about their tactics and methods.
Improve Detection Systems: Collect additional IOCs to configure defensive mechanisms and improve attack detection.
2. TA0002: Execution
Once attackers gain initial access, the Execution phase begins. This stage involves deploying malicious payloads or executing harmful commands on the compromised device. In the Interlock ransomware attacks, users unknowingly launch a fake updater file, triggering the execution of malware and allowing attackers to establish control over the victim’s system.
How Interlock Group Executes Their Attacks
The reports revealed that the attackers leveraged Remote Access Tools (RATs), which provided them with full control of the infected machine. By disguising these RATs as legitimate software, such as Chrome, MSTeams, or Microsoft Edge updaters, the attackers ensured that their actions remained unnoticed until significant damage was done.
Detecting Encrypted URLs in Fake Updaters
With ANY.RUN Sandbox, analysts could uncover that the fake-updater contained encrypted URLs used to communicate with the attackers’ infrastructure. For example, the xor-url tag in ANY.RUN revealed hidden URLs within the malware’s configuration files.
By clicking on the CFG (Configuration) option in the sandbox, analysts can view decrypted URLs. These insights provide actionable intelligence about the malware’s communication methods and help identify similar patterns in future attacks.
Using YARA Search to Find More Samples
ANY.RUN’s YARA Search functionality allowed researchers to create a rule for detecting RAT samples linked to the attack.
Here’s an example of a YARA rule tailored for identifying Interlock’s disguised RAT samples:
rule Interlock_RAT {
strings:
$ = "/MSTeamsSetup.exe\" xor
$ = "/ChromeSetup.exe\" xor
$ = "/MicrosoftEdgeSetup.exe\" xor
condition:
any of them
}
This YARA rule uncovered over 44 new malicious files, each representing a new indicator.
These IOCs can be added to detection systems, expanding the scope of protection.
Discovering Additional IOCs
In addition to detecting malicious files, ANY.RUN’s sandbox session revealed network IOCs such as URLs and IP addresses that previously were not covered in other reports.
The URL shown above was not included in the detailed report from Talos.
Had the organizations encountering this URL and payload used ANY.RUN’s Interactive Sandbox, they would be able to run the RAT in a safe virtual environment and see its malicious nature. This could have prevented them from detonating the payload on their own systems.
During Execution, ANY.RUN helps users:
Discover IOCs: Find additional file and network IoCs, including those found in configurations.
Analyze Threats: Safely explore suspicious URLs and detonate payloads.
3. TA0006: Credential Access
Once attackers gain the ability to execute commands on a compromised system, their next move often involves stealing access credentials. In the Interlock ransomware attack, the group employed a custom stealer tool to gather and exfiltrate these credentials.
How Credential Stealing Works in This Attack
The attackers’ stealer was designed to collect sensitive data, including usernames, passwords, and other access credentials.
According to vendor reports, the stolen data was stored in a file named “chrgetpdsi.txt.” This file served as a repository for harvested credentials before exfiltration.
Let’s use TI Lookup to find more information on the stealer:
As a result, we see that the Stealer had been detected by ANY.RUN as early as August 2024, well before users began investigating the compromised domain.
Early detection of malicious tools like this Stealer provides security teams with actionable intelligence to defend against evolving threats.
4. TA0008: Lateral Movement
At the Lateral Movement phase, attackers aim to spread across the network, gaining access to additional systems and resources.
The Interlock ransomware group moved laterally within networks using legitimate remote administration tools like Putty, Anydesk, and RDP. These tools are often abused by attackers to access additional systems undetected.
The ANY.RUN Sandbox excels at identifying the presence of these tools when they are abused for malicious purposes.
By executing suspicious files in a controlled environment, ANY.RUN can:
Detect the execution of Putty, Anydesk, or RDP-related activities.
Provide detailed insights into how these tools are being used by attackers.
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5. TA0010: Data Exfiltration
In the Data Exfiltration phase, attackers transfer stolen data out of the victim’s network. The Interlock ransomware group used Azure cloud storage to exfiltrate data.
Inside the ANY.RUN sandbox, you can see the system configuration data being sent to a Command and Control (C2) server via the RAT.
ANY.RUN captures data sent by the RAT to attacker-controlled servers. For this example, logs revealed information sent to IP 217[.]148[.]142[.]19 over port 443:
Using tools like CyberChef, we can decrypt the logged traffic (e.g., XOR-encrypted data) to identify what attackers exfiltrated.
Thus, during the Data Exfiltration phase, ANY.RUN Sandbox logs traffic sent to external systems, allowing analysts to identify exactly what data is being transmitted to the attacker’s server.
ANY.RUN’s Key Benefits for Healthcare Organizations
ANY.RUN empowers healthcare organizations with fast, safe, and effective tools to investigate and analyze cyber threats:
Pin malicious indicators to actual threats to gain a better understanding of the risks your organization is facing.
Receive in-depth reports with IOCs, TTPs, and malware behavior summaries.
Simplify and speed up threat analysis for SOC team members at all levels, saving time and increasing productivity.
Accelerate the alert triage process and reduce the workload through fast operation speeds, a user-friendly interface, and smart automation.
Safely examine sensitive data in a private mode, ensuring compliance with cybersecurity and data protection requirements.
Gain access to detailed insights into malware’s behavior and better understand threats to streamline incident response.
Collaborate with team members, share results, and coordinate efforts efficiently during incident handling.
Optimize the cost of responding to incidents by accessing detailed data with ANY.RUN’s interactive analysis, which helps in developing new detection and protection methods.
Conclusion
ANY.RUN can be an invaluable tool at various stages of ransomware attacks. During incident investigations, TI Lookup can provide critical data on the threat at hand. Running malware in the ANY.RUN Sandbox before executing it on a local machine allows for a proactive identification of the threat and thorough analysis of its behavior.
By combining ANY.RUN’s tools, healthcare organizations can not only enhance the understanding of the threats’ capabilities but also ensure that they are identified and mitigated effectively.
About ANY.RUN
ANY.RUN helps more than 500,000 cybersecurity professionals worldwide. Our interactive sandbox simplifies malware analysis of threats that target both Windows and Linux systems. Our threat intelligence products, TI Lookup, YARA Search, and Feeds, help you find IOCs or files to learn more about the threats and respond to incidents faster.
https://www.backbox.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/website_backbox_text_black.png00adminhttps://www.backbox.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/website_backbox_text_black.pngadmin2025-01-28 12:06:552025-01-28 12:06:55How ANY.RUN Helps Healthcare Organizations Against Ransomware: Interlock Case Study
A series of critical security vulnerabilities have been discovered in multiple versions of Node.js, a popular open-source JavaScript runtime used to build scalable network applications. These vulnerabilities, outlined in CERT-In Vulnerability Note CIVN-2025-0011, have been classified as high severity, with the potential to compromise sensitive information, disrupt services, and even execute arbitrary code. Users of Node.js, including developers and organizations relying on this platform, are urged to take immediate action to secure their systems.
The vulnerabilities affect several versions of Node.js, including both long-term support (LTS) and current releases. Affected versions include Node.js v18.x, v20.x, v22.x, and the latest v23.x. The flaws stem from various issues, including memory leaks, path traversal vulnerabilities, and worker permission bypasses, which could result in denial of service (DoS) conditions, data theft, and potential system compromises.
The vulnerabilities present a high risk of unauthorized access to sensitive data, denial of service, or even complete system compromise. These flaws can be exploited remotely, allowing attackers to gain control over affected systems. The potential impacts are significant, especially in production environments where Node.js applications are running in high-traffic scenarios.
Key Vulnerabilities in Node.js
CVE-2025-23087 (Node.js v17.x and prior): This critical vulnerability affects older versions of Node.js (v17.x or earlier), with an attacker potentially gaining unauthorized access due to insufficient security controls. The severity of the flaw demands immediate attention from users of these older versions.
CVE-2025-23088 (Node.js v19.x): A critical flaw affecting Node.js v19.x, which could allow an attacker to bypass security measures and execute arbitrary code. It’s essential for users of v19.x to update to the latest release to mitigate the risk.
CVE-2025-23089 (Node.js v21.x): Similar to CVE-2025-23088, this vulnerability impacts Node.js v21.x, allowing for potential exploitation due to a lack of proper access control and security features. Users should upgrade to patched versions of Node.js immediately.
CVE-2025-23083 (Worker Permission Bypass): A high-severity vulnerability discovered in Node.js v20.x, v22.x, and v23.x, where an attacker could exploit the internal worker leak mechanism via the diagnostics_channel utility. This flaw could enable unauthorized access to worker threads, which are typically restricted, potentially leading to privilege escalation.
CVE-2025-23084 (Path Traversal on Windows): A medium-severity vulnerability impacting Windows users of Node.js. This flaw allows attackers to exploit improper handling of drive names in the Windows environment, potentially accessing unauthorized directories on the system by bypassing path restrictions.
CVE-2025-23085 (GOAWAY HTTP/2 Memory Leak): A memory leak issue triggered when a remote peer closes the socket without sending a GOAWAY notification. This issue affects Node.js versions v18.x, v20.x, v22.x, and v23.x. The memory leak could lead to increased resource consumption and potential DoS conditions under specific conditions.
The Importance of Updating Node.js
The Node.js team released patches for affected versions on January 21, 2025, addressing the vulnerabilities mentioned above. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to the latest versions to ensure their systems remain secure. Specifically, Node.js v18.20.6, v20.18.2, v22.13.1, and v23.6.1 have been made available to fix these critical issues.
Organizations and developers running vulnerable versions of Node.js should prioritize upgrading their installations to avoid security breaches. Additionally, those using older or End-of-Life (EOL) versions of Node.js should take immediate action, as they will continue to be exposed to these vulnerabilities until they are patched.
Node.js Security Releases and Dependencies
As part of their security releases, Node.js has also updated several critical dependencies. Notably, the undici HTTP client library has been updated across all supported versions to address public vulnerabilities. These updates are essential for maintaining the integrity of applications that rely on these dependencies.
For developers using Node.js in production environments, these security updates are a critical component of a proactive approach to cybersecurity. With regular security patches, Node.js can remain a secure and reliable runtime for building server-side applications.
CERT-In and Node.js Security Response
CERT-In, the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, issued a vulnerability note (CIVN-2025-0011) to inform organizations and individuals about the potential risks posed by these vulnerabilities in Node.js. CERT-In has been actively working with Node.js maintainers to ensure that the patches are implemented effectively and that affected users are aware of the necessary updates.
In addition to the immediate patches released by Node.js, CERT-In emphasizes the importance of regularly monitoring the security landscape for updates and applying patches in a timely manner to reduce the risk of exploitation.
Recommended Actions for Node.js Users
To mitigate the risks associated with these vulnerabilities, Node.js users should take the following steps:
Ensure that all systems are running the latest supported version of Node.js. For LTS releases, update to v18.20.6, v20.18.2, or v22.13.1. For the current release line, update to v23.6.1.
Ensure that critical dependencies, such as undici, are updated to their latest versions to address any known vulnerabilities.
Develop and maintain a patch management strategy that includes routine checks for Node.js updates and related security patches.
Regularly audit system logs and use security tools to detect any unusual behavior that may indicate an attempted exploitation of these vulnerabilities.
Conclusion
The recent vulnerabilities in Node.js highlight the importance of keeping software up to date and following strong cybersecurity practices. As Node.js remains widely used, staying on top of security patches and monitoring cyber threats is crucial to protecting systems.
Organizations can enhance their defenses by leveraging threat intelligence solutions like Cyble, which provides advanced AI-driven threat intelligence and vulnerability management. By combining best practices with tools like Cyble, organizations can better protect their systems from online threats.
For more information on Node.js security, users can visit the official security page. Regular monitoring of resources such as CERT-In and threat intelligence platforms like Cyble is key to staying protected from risks.
https://www.backbox.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/website_backbox_text_black.png00adminhttps://www.backbox.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/website_backbox_text_black.pngadmin2025-01-28 12:06:542025-01-28 12:06:54Critical Vulnerabilities in Node.js Expose Systems to Remote Attacks